gamma

 by   methoddatascience Jupyter Notebook Version: Current License: No License

kandi X-RAY | gamma Summary

kandi X-RAY | gamma Summary

gamma is a Jupyter Notebook library. gamma has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities and it has low support. You can download it from GitHub.

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              gamma has a low active ecosystem.
              It has 1 star(s) with 0 fork(s). There are 6 watchers for this library.
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              It had no major release in the last 6 months.
              gamma has no issues reported. There are no pull requests.
              It has a neutral sentiment in the developer community.
              The latest version of gamma is current.

            kandi-Quality Quality

              gamma has 0 bugs and 0 code smells.

            kandi-Security Security

              gamma has no vulnerabilities reported, and its dependent libraries have no vulnerabilities reported.
              gamma code analysis shows 0 unresolved vulnerabilities.
              There are 0 security hotspots that need review.

            kandi-License License

              gamma does not have a standard license declared.
              Check the repository for any license declaration and review the terms closely.
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              Without a license, all rights are reserved, and you cannot use the library in your applications.

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              gamma releases are not available. You will need to build from source code and install.

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            gamma Key Features

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            gamma Examples and Code Snippets

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            Community Discussions

            QUESTION

            np.float32 floating point differences between intel MacBook and M1
            Asked 2022-Mar-29 at 13:23

            I have recently upgraded my Intel MacBook Pro 13" to a MacBook Pro 14" with M1 Pro. Been working hard on getting my software to compile and work again. No big issues fortunately, except for floating point problems in some obscure fortran code and in python. With regard to python/numpy I have the following question.

            I have a large code base bur for simplicity will use this simple function that converts flight level to pressure to show the issue.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-29 at 13:23

            As per the issue I created at numpy's GitHub:

            the differences you are experiencing seem to be all within a single "ULP" (unit in the last place), maybe 2? For special math functions, like exp, or sin, small errors are unfortunately expected and can be system dependend (both hardware and OS/math libraries).

            One thing that could be would might have a slightly larger effect could be use of SVML that NumPy has on newer machines (i.e. only on the intel one). That can be disabled at build time using NPY_DISABLE_SVML=1 as an environment variable, but I don't think you can disable its use without building NumPy. (However, right now, it may well be that the M1 machine is the less precise one, or that they are both roughly the same, just different)

            I haven't tried compiling numpy using NPY_DISABLE_SVML=1 and my plan now is to use a docker container that can run on all my platforms and use a single "truth" for my tests.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71441137

            QUESTION

            Unpickle instance from Jupyter Notebook in Flask App
            Asked 2022-Feb-28 at 18:03

            I have created a class for word2vec vectorisation which is working fine. But when I create a model pickle file and use that pickle file in a Flask App, I am getting an error like:

            AttributeError: module '__main__' has no attribute 'GensimWord2VecVectorizer'

            I am creating the model on Google Colab.

            Code in Jupyter Notebook:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Feb-24 at 11:48

            Import GensimWord2VecVectorizer in your Flask Web app python file.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71231611

            QUESTION

            Need to fix Stan code for the generalized pareto distribution to take in real arguments rather than vectors
            Asked 2022-Feb-22 at 22:25

            I am using the functions defined here: Extreme value analysis and user defined probability functions in Stan for modeling the data with a generalized pareto distribution, but my problem is that my model is in a for-loop and expects three real valued arguments, whereas, the gpd functions assume a vector, real, real argument.

            I’m not so sure that my model chunk is so amenable to being vectorized, and so I was thinking I would need to have the gpd functions take in real valued arguments (but maybe I’m wrong).

            I’d appreciate any help with switching the code around to achieve this. Here is my stan code

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Feb-22 at 22:25

            Here is how the log PDF could be adapted. This way, index arrays for subsetting y into censored and non-censored observations can be passed.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71163352

            QUESTION

            SVM performance not consistent with AUC score
            Asked 2022-Feb-13 at 03:32

            I have a dataset that contains information about patients. It includes several variables and their clinical status (0 if they are healthy, 1 if they are sick). I have tried to implement an SVM model to predict patient status based on these variables.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Feb-13 at 03:32

            Did you look at the probabilities versus the fitted values? You can read about how probability works with SVM here.

            If you want to look at the performance you can use the library DescTools and the function Conf or with the library caret and the function confusionMatrix. (They provide the same output.)

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71093276

            QUESTION

            How to deal with complex list and dictionary on python
            Asked 2022-Feb-08 at 00:52

            I've been working on python to make a program which need to handle complex problem from list of dict. The thing is I need to transform this data into dictionary and sort it. The input for this function is come from trees. The code I share here is working, but takes a long time to run. In here I wanna ask is there any idea to make this function run more faster in python? I use python 3.7.3 if you ask. The reason I wanna improve this code is because when I tried to make input data for this function need around 3-4 hours, but to run this function need time around 21-22 hours (this really shock me).

            here is the structure of data that I input on below:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Feb-08 at 00:52

            Without having the full code to test outputs this is harder to do, but it seems that there are some redundant processes that you are adding elements to a list of lists only to flatten that list and add that to a dictionary as a set. You can increase some of the speed and memory by removing that and instead just adding it to the dictionary right away.

            There are some other tweaks that can be done such as using f-strings instead of string concatenation, using list comprehension, and removing having to do the same math in the loop (time_range * gamma) and instead just reference it by memory.

            But these are all minor tweaks compared to your step one process which looks to be the largest time sink (approx N^4 in time complexity). I am unsure if it is larger as I don't see the functions that you use inside that for loop, but tweaking that to reduce the number of calculations would provide the largest benefit to time savings.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70180233

            QUESTION

            GEKKO: Error in syntax of function string
            Asked 2022-Jan-15 at 05:50

            I'm having trouble understanding an error message I'm getting from my GEKKO model.

            For context, this model is supposed to optimize the gas spring force and dimension parameters of a gas-spring assisted door to minimize the operator force required to close the door. My intent is to calculate the required force at a series of angles between 0 and 90 degrees, then sum the absolute value of the force at all angles and minimize that value. There is also a constraint on the gas spring length so the optimization doesn't come up with unrealistic dimension parameters. I've defined the force and other values that need to be computed at each angle as lists of Intermediate variables.

            The error appears to be related to one of these lists of Intermediate variables, but I don't know how to interpret "Position: 2" in the error message, let alone "Error in syntax of function string". I've searched in some other answers on here, but I haven't found a clear answer on how to use this position information to troubleshoot the model. What is the message trying to tell me?

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-15 at 05:44

            One way to locate the error is to open the run directory and inspect the text model file gk_model0.apm.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70713632

            QUESTION

            How do I numerically integrate a function thats a product of a lorentzian and a cosinus in Python?
            Asked 2022-Jan-10 at 23:10

            I am new to stackoverflow and also quite new to Python. So, I hope to ask my question in an appropriate manner. I am running a Python code similar to this minimal example with an example function that is a product of a lorentzian with a cosinus that I want to numerically integrate:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-10 at 23:10

            Observations

            1. Close to zero (1 - cos(w*t)) / w**2 tends to 0/0. We can take the taylor expansion t**2(1/2 - (w*t)**2/24).

            2. Going to the infinity the Lorentzian is a constant and the cosine term will cause the output to oscillate indefinitely, the integral can be approximated by multiplying that term by a slowly decreasing term.

            3. You are using a linearly spaced scale with many points. It is easier to visualize with w in log scale.

            The plot looks like this before damping the cosine term

            I introduced two parameters to tune the attenuation of the oscilations

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70656804

            QUESTION

            Understanding the effects of shared references on a nested data structure
            Asked 2021-Dec-31 at 02:14

            Ownership Tree

            Hi,

            I was trying to understand ownership concepts in Rust and came across this image (attached in this post) in "Programming Rust" book.

            In particular am concerned about the "Borrowing a shared reference" part. In the book, the author says

            Values borrowed by shared references are read-only. Across the lifetime of a shared reference, neither its referent, nor anything reachable from that referent, can be changed by anything. There exist no live mutable references to anything in that structure, its owner is held read-only, and so on. It’s really frozen

            In the image, he goes on to highlight the path along the ownership tree that becomes immutable once a shared reference is taken to a particular section of the ownership tree. But what confused me is that the author also mentions that certain other parts of the ownership tree are not read only.

            So I tried to test out with this code:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-31 at 02:08

            Someone should probably check my answer, as I am fairly new to Rust myself. But...

            I think this is because a Vec doesn't uphold the same invariance as, say, a tuple or nested structs.

            Here's a tuple version of the example you gave (Although tuples don't support pushing, so I'm just incrementing an integer):

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70537145

            QUESTION

            Use recode to mutate across multiple columns using named list of named vectors
            Asked 2021-Dec-19 at 17:00

            I couldn't find a question similar to the one that I have here. I have a very large named list of named vectors that match column names in a dataframe. I would like to use the list of named vectors to replace values in the dataframe columns that match each list element's name. That is, the name of the vector in the list matches the name of the dataframe column and the key-value pair in each vector element will be used to recode the column.

            Reprex below:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-13 at 04:44

            One work around would be to use your map2_dfr code, but then bind the columns that are needed to the map2_dfr output. Though you still have to drop the names column.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70329687

            QUESTION

            "Spotting" probability density functions of distributions programmatically (Symbolic Toolbox)
            Asked 2021-Dec-07 at 18:16

            I have a joint probability density f(x,y,z) and I wish to find the conditional distribution X|Y=y,Z=z, which is equivalent to treating x as data and y and z as parameters (constants).

            For example, if I have X|Y=y,Z=z being the pdf of a N(1-2y,3z^2+2), the function would be:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-07 at 18:16

            I have managed to solve my own problem using solve() from Symbolic Toolbox. There were two issues with my original approach: I needed to set up n simultaneous equations for n parameters, and the solve() doesn't cope well with exponentials:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70144320

            Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network

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